We are pleased to announce that members of our Paradiplomacy Lab team have published a new paper!
This time, Joanna Ciesielska-Klikowska, Tomasz Kamiński and Marcin Frenkel have contributed to the field with their latest research on "German Multi-Level Relations with Superpowers. A Comparison of Subnational Cooperation with American and Chinese Partners".
This article explores the evolving role of German cities in international relations, particularly in their interactions with partners in the United States and China. By employing a multi-level governance framework, the paper addresses the growing significance of substate actors in foreign policy within the complex world order. Findings suggest that German cities are critical in complementing national and EU-level foreign policy efforts, acting as independent and dynamic players on the international stage.
The article is available on the German Politics journal website at the following link: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2025.2461754
